An Overview of West Nile Virus Treatment
West Nile virus symptoms typically develop 3 to 14 days after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito. There is currently no treatment that can kill the virus. Therefore, the goals of
West Nile virus treatment are focused on providing relief of symptoms as the body fights the West Nile virus.
West Nile Virus Treatment in Mild Cases
People who experience mild West Nile virus symptoms (known as West Nile fever) can have symptoms for a couple of days or up to several weeks. During this time, treatment can include:
- Resting in bed
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Taking medication, such as aspirin or acetaminophen, to relieve fever and discomfort.
West Nile Virus Treatment in Severe Cases
Occasionally, an infected person may develop more severe disease, such as
West Nile encephalitis, West Nile
meningitis, or West Nile meningoencephalitis.
Encephalitis refers to an inflammation of the brain. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membrane around the brain and the spinal cord. Meningoencephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain and the membrane surrounding it.
When more severe symptoms of West Nile virus (such as unusually severe
headaches or confusion) occur, medical attention is necessary immediately.
In these cases, West Nile virus treatment usually requires hospitalization for intensive supportive care. This supportive care can include:
- Intravenous (IV) fluids
- Medications to control seizures, nausea, vomiting, or brain swelling
- Breathing support from a ventilator
- Prevention of secondary infections (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, etc.)
- Good nursing care.
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